The Healthcare Systems Of The United States And That Of Germany - 1650 Words

The Healthcare Systems Of The United States And That Of Germany (Research Paper Sample) Content: Healthcare Financing Name Institution Health Care Financing Introduction The classification of a healthcare system is defined by the financing and expenditure system. Most developed countries have almost similar healthcare systems with an exception of the United States that uses a mixture of private and public programs. The US remains the biggest spender on health in comparison with other developed countries such as United Kingdom and Germany. The expenditure is based on the state policies; thus, it has a role in ensuring demand is satisfied and supply regulated through law, policy, taxes and tax credits. In 2003 US government healthcare spend 45 percent of its health allocation on healthcare (Moreno-Serra, 2014). Private insurance spends the highest ratio at 36 percent of the shares in the healthcare. In general, healthcare systems are designed with the objective of improving the quality of health services delivery to citizens of a country. The United States healthcare system is not a nationwide insurance system. The private sector takes the largest share in the insurance system covering specific groups. A survey carried out in 2013 indicated that citizens in the USA are likely to forgo care due to high cost compared to other developed nations (Schoen et al., 2013). The Germany healthcare systems originated from the concept of mutual aid society in the 19th century (â€Å"Expatica,† 2017). The social solidarity principle is embraced with citizens trusting that the government has a duty of providing medical care services to its citizens through healthcare system such as insurance. The government controls the healthcare system from the top, determine the percentage of the premiums. The common resource pool caters to all classes of citizens. This in contrast to the US healthcare system where citizen purchase premiums from a competitive market relative to their income (Obama,2016) The cost of healthcare has an impact on the economy of any country, when it is affordable more nationals will gain access. Different healthcare delivery systems are applicable to different countries based on demographics unique to each. Populous countries such as the United States may spend more resources on healthcare compared to those with small population. Other dynamics that contribute to differences in the cost of healthcare include age groups and livelihood levels. In cases of children and elderly schemes, countries may spend more resources to meet specific needs. This essay aims to compare the healthcare systems of the United States that has a multipayer system and that of Germany with a single payer system by answering the given questions. The access between the two healthcare systems for children The number of children insured under the healthcare scheme is the highest since the onset of the insurance system. Two insurance firms provide cover for the U.S. children,   the Medicaid  and the Children's Health Insurance Program (CHIP), that offer comprehensive and inexpensive health coverage and the Affordable Care Act (ACA), that cover most children in the U.S. However, most children remain uninsured despite their eligibility for Medicaid and CHIP cover (Gorman,2017). The child cover is dependent on the income level of the family. The child healthcare in Germany is different from that of the United States with the government providing policy guidelines for insurance coverage. People who are unemployed  and Retirees access to Healthcare The United States has a hybrid system of healthcare insurance systems, that is a mixture of public and private programs. The principal plan for the elderly, retirees and some disabled is Medicare. Medicare is given the responsibility of ensuring the elderly, retires and a section of the disabled nonelderly persons. This is in contrast with the Germany healthcare system where all citizens whether old or young are covered by a common plan. All citizens, that is the children, the elderly and the retirees' scribe to the sickness fund. Coverage for medications in the U.S. and Germany In the United States, the coverage for patients depends on insurance premium payments. The system coverage is affected by different factors that include age bracket, economic status. The groups considered include children, unemployed people, retired people, among other individual cases. The government pays for children’s charges and retirees as well as some percentage for the unemployed group. The repealing of the Obamacare may provide a relief to may poor Americans who cannot afford the ever-expensive services in the market. In Germany, the citizens have a belief the government would take care of their medical fees through the insurance system. The government pays a specific percentage of the charges for its citizens. In both countries, the healthcare system funds come from the government since it intervenes in medical care system (Ridic et al., 2012). The Germany healthcare system involves a single payer system compared to multiple payer systems applied by the United States. The German system provides universal access to medical services with great financing, control, and regulation done by the federal government. This eliminates the dependence on competition that is observed in the healthcare market. The information gathered indicate that the United States spends more on healthcare than Germany. The infant mortality is low in Germany compared to the US, since the government plays a central role and the healthcare system is universal. The United States’ government has made available tax credits and subsidies, to ensure health insurance more affordable for poor individuals. Referral to a specialist in the U.S. and Germany In the two healthcare systems, the patients are required to be registered by National Insurance Health Funds and be paying the premiums (Ridic et al., 2012). There is a maturation period for the insurance card to start operating for the patients to enjoy the healthcare benefits. The Germany healthcare does not discriminate patients based on disability, need for maternity services, or elderly people among other factors. All citizens receive similar benefits from insurance system as compared with the United States whereby patients are referred to a specialist based on conditions like disabilities and age among others. Referral services are expensive in the United States, especially for the poor population. The main reason for the high cost of referral service is attributed to the cost incurred in the acquisition of equipment and drugs. The unregulated and competitive insurance sector determines the cost of healthcare in the US. In contrast, Germany residents who scribe to the insurance fund can book an appointment with a specialist. They need no special documents or permit to get special treatment, all they need is to make a prior appointment. Only foreigners will be required to pay for the specialist treatment in private facilities. Coverage for preexisting conditions in the two healthcare systems. In both healthcare systems, there are conditions individuals will have to meet before receiving healthcare benefits; for instance, one must be a citizen by birth, registration, among others. In Germany almost 74% of the population is covered by the sickness fund, individuals are compelled to by premiums of scribe to private insurance that is controlled by the government (Harris, 2015). Companies and employers are mandated to check off some percentage from the salaries of the workers before remitting it to insurance firms. Thus, one is required to have some form of insurances or belong to insurance healthcare system (Matos et al., 2015). This is similar to the American system where citizens are compelled to buy premiums, though from an unregulated market. Besides, the patients must be willing to share the cost of medical care with the government, by meeting the value of the remaining cost. In both healthcare systems, there are terms, conditions, and policies in the insurance system, and the citizens ought to learn about the strategies on types of hospitals that insurance can pay and what percentage. The insurance system in both countries enable patients to enjoy benefits later on, as it acts as a form of saving. The accumulated cutoffs cater for medical services, thus assisting subside the hefty cost of access care. Besides, the unemployed and citizens with unstable employment are able to enjoy specialized medical care. The essence of the healthcare systems in both countries is to lower the medical expenses for the poor. Financial implications for patients in the U.S. and Germany The American expenditure on health was projected to increase by 7 percent double the economic by 2017. The high premiums have forced small firms to withdraw from the healthcare system, leaving their employees exposed. Secondly, most US citizens are spending twice as much ...

Mary Harris Jones - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 2 Words: 556 Downloads: 1 Date added: 2019/06/24 Category History Essay Level High school Tags: Progressive Era Essay Did you like this example? Mary Harris Jones, also remembered as Mother Jones was an irish immigrant born in 1830. After losing her family to yellow fever she became a motivational public speaker who worked towards the rights of the working class. Jones was a union activist for the knights of labor and helped to organize strikes for the working class. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Mary Harris Jones" essay for you Create order Mother Jones worked on behalf of workers in the railroad, steel, copper, brewing, garment, and textile industries (Mary Harris Jones 1). She was nicknamed Mother Jones by coal miners during a strike that was in response to wage cuts. Jones was viewed as an inspiration. A New York Times article about her describes one of her speeches about her and her army. She denounced child labor, saying that the children were pitched from the cradle to the factories to sweat out their lives for capitalists (MOTHER JONES KEEPS MOVING 1). The press brought even more attention to her and her cause, and helped her become a famous public figure. Some of her accomplishments included establishing the Industrial Workers of the World (IWW), founding the Social Democratic Party, and being a threat to the rich capitalists. She continued her work for the rest of her life. At around 80 a miner described, Her hair was snow white but she was yet full of fight and that She fired [strikers] with enthusiasm, she bu rned them with criticism, then cried with them because of their abuses. The miners loved, worshipped, and adored her. . . (Mary Jones 6). She was very passionate about what she did, and workers loved her for it. Jones contributed to the progressive era by calling attention to the pressing issues of child labor, terrible conditions, and unfair wages. Mary Harris Jones promoted moral improvement by speaking out against child labor. She also protected social welfare of citizens by organizing and supporting strikes which in many cases prevented rich owners from lowering wages to an unlivable amount in doing this Jones created economic reform. During her life she called out the government many times, saying they should be more accountable and efficient. One example of this was when, as one article describes, She led a parade of 400 children, some of them crippled by industrial accidents, from Philadelphia to New York to publicize the scandal of child labor (5). It goes on to say that Jones planned to visit President Theodore Roosevelt at his Oyster Bay home as a finale, but he refused to meet her (Mary Jones 5). Mother Jones was an important figure in the progressive era, and worked for change. Today Mary Harris Jones and other progressives from the era would be likely to speak out against some of the policies in place today and the choices being made by our government. For instance a few weeks ago Republican candidate Brett Kavanaugh was chosen by President Donald Trump for the open Supreme Court seat. However Dr. Blasey came forward with sexual assault allegations against him. Despite her emotional testimony and Kavanaughs multiple outbursts combined with his outright disrespectful behavior, no evidence was found and he was sworn in. Mother Jones stood for the rights of the working class, against the government and people of power who were treating the working class unfairly. This could translate to the Presidents horrible treatment of Dr. Ford and the lack of presence the citizens voice has to make changes today.

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Egyptian Religion and Immortality Essay - 1395 Words

The most noticing aspect of Egyptian religion is its obsession with immortality and the belief of life after death. This sculpture can show you this on how mummification gave upbringing to complex arts in ancient Egypt. The sculpture is the Mummy Case of Paankhenamun. The artwork is currently viewed at The Art Institute of Chicago. The sculpture was from the third period, Dynasty 22, in ancient Egypt. However, the sculpture has many features to it that makes it so unique in ancient Egypt from any other time. Egyptians did not want to die. They saw no reason why life should not go on when they were dead. When the Egyptians thought about what happened when they died, they decided that there would be another life in store for them. A life†¦show more content†¦One may think that the process of mummifying one’s body took a couple of hours. Not even close, it took a total of 70 days to complete mummification. The process included prayers, magical chants, and mostly drying out the body. First the corpse was taken to the embalmers’ workshop. The workshop had special magic names, such as the â€Å"House of Vigor† (strength). This name helped to make sure that embalming gave the dead body back its strength. Once in the workshop, it was time to remove all the internal organs that might decay quickly. The first organ removed was the brain. The Egyptians believed that the brain was of little importance and it was thrown away when removed. The brain was extracted by poking a hole in the thin bone at the top of the nostrils, the ethmoid bone. A large bronze needle with a hooked or spiral end was used to perform this procedure. Next, a small slit was made in the side to remove the liver, lungs, stomach, and intestines. The organs were dried out and put in special jars called â€Å"canonic jars.† The Egyptians thought that bad magic could be worked against you if an enemy got hold of any part of your body, even a single hair. So these internal organs would eventually be buried alongside the mummy for protection. The heart was the only organ to be left in place, believing it to be the center of a person’s being and intelligence. Next, the body had to be dried out. For 40 days it laid packed inShow MoreRelatedThe Mysteries Of Ancient Egypt1572 Words   |  7 Pagesattention of archeologists and ordinary people for many centuries. An enormous impact on the history of Egypt was religion, it shaped the everyday life of all the egyptians. They wanted an afterlife in Aaru, heaven. It was the ultimate goal. People s lives were rotating around religion, and everything that was tangent to it. The peculiarity of religious beliefs of the ancient Egyptians developed because of the geographical location of the state. Around 3000 B.C.E. on the Nile delta, Upper and LowerRead MoreMythical Accounts By Ancient Egypt Essay1724 Words   |  7 Pagesaccounts by the ancient Egyptians employed narratives to express its’ social conventions and the religion’s contextual foundations and influence in society. The myths describe not only the societal hierarchy, but also enactments of rituals and a chronicled view of life in ancient Egypt gripped by religious values. Mythology employs the believer’s creative imagination, where according to Ions: â€Å"Egyptian myths†¦cannot be considered as fixed stories†¦their function in the Egyptian religion was to provide a notationRead MoreAncient Egypt : The Egyptian God Anubis Essay1244 Words   |  5 Pagespolytheistic religion was composed of various beliefs and rituals. Polytheistic means that they believed in man y deities. All of which were linked to the common theme of immortality. Religion laid the foundation for all aspects of Egyptian lives, political structure, cultural achievement and art. Their religion consisted of up 2000 gods and goddess. Only some were worshiped universally throughout Egypt. They were often represented as being half human and half animal. As an example, the Egyptian god AnubisRead MoreAncient Egypt And Ancient Egyptian Civilization847 Words   |  4 Pagesimportant to the people of Egypt that it influenced many aspects of their everyday lives. The version of the afterlife that the Egyptians believed in was very different from other religions and cultures. The immortality ideology is something that many cultures grappled with. The ancient Egyptian belief was the epitome of immortality ideology. Everything that the Egyptians did was influenced by the idea of an afterlife. This unique belief in the afterlife can be seen in Egypt’s many pieces of art andRead MoreEgypt And Mesopotamia Similarities1368 Words   |  6 PagesBoth Egyptian and Mesopotamian Views of Living Egypt is a country found on the northeast corner of Africa. While Mesopotamia is found between the two rivers Tigris and Euphrates in the western part of the Middle East. Both of these countries share the Mediterranean Sea. Even though in distance they did not seem far apart they had similarities, and differences in their two cultures. Both Egypt and Mesopotamia had unique religions, writing systems, literature, scientific achievements, art, and intricateRead More The Luxor Hotel in Las Vegas, Nevada and the Khafre at Giza Essay967 Words   |  4 Pagesthe brightest artificial light on Earth, beckons curious seekers to its base, a thirty story replica of the Egyptian pyramid of Khafre at Giza. Khafres Pyramid, one of the Seven Wonders of the World, gives an understanding of the Egyptian culture over 4000 years age. Located within the spectacular city of Las Vegas, Nevada, the Luxor Hotel and Casino creates a bridge between ancient Egyptian architecture with futuristic technology. Completed on October 15, 1993, the Luxor Hotel gives its patronsRead MoreThe Rise Of Civilization And Ancient Civilizations898 Words   |  4 PagesSome of the things that make up a civilization are religion, government, arts, writing and language, currency, study of science, math and medicine - as examples. The two earliest known civilizations were Mesopotamia and Egypt. These two civilizations arose around the same time and coincidentally near one another, near the Mediterranean Sea. Many similarities and differences exist between these ancient civilizations. In particular, the religions of these two civilizations are distinguishably differentRead MoreEssay about Death in Ancient Egyptian Culture2526 Words   |  11 Pageswho almost collectively seek longevity of life and immortality of being. Ancient Egypt is well-known for its ritual and care revolving around the process of death and the movement from physical being into the afterlife. Preparations for death were planned substantially far in advance (Murnane in Obayashi, 1992, p. 35). From this an anthropologist could gather that death and the process of dying were valued and of high importance to ancient Egyptians. Such a claim can be made due to the astronomicalRead MoreEgyptian Mummies and the Afterlife1051 Words   |  5 PagesAncient Egyptians had a strong belief in preserving the body for the afterlife in hopes of achieving immortality. Part of this preservation was to protect and identify the body by painting or carving pictures, hieroglyphics, and symbols on the coffin. One very good example of this is represented by the ‘Mummy of Irethorrou in Coffin.’ This coffin, made of wood with polychrome, is adorned with hieroglyphics, symbols, and a portrait of the Egyptian priest. It was found in a cemetery in Akhmim, andRead MoreThe Contents of the Tomb and What They Suggest About Life in Ancient Egypt at the Time of Tutankamun687 Words   |  3 Pageslife Kingdom Egypt in the eighteenth dynasty. From the archaeological evidence gained from the tombs conclusions can be drawn about religion and the afterlife, the everyday life of ancient Egyptians, of Government during the five hundred year period, and of the arts and sciences of the time. The tomb paintings reveal the nature of the Egyptian belief concerning the afterlife, and objects such as the golden burial mask, the miniature effigy of the king, the canopic shrine

Dick Increase Essay - 976 Words

Having a bid dick is on demand because the level at which women gets satisfied has increased than before. If you are a male who really wants to make his dick bigger, there are some techniques by which you can enlarge your penis size. They are not medical related but purely some exercise and diets which you can do in your extra time. When you apply these techniques daily, within a month you will notice the size of your dick increasing, as well as the tendency of sexual intercourse will be drastically enhanced. Don’t be alarmed, let’s get your dick stronger and bigger. How to make your dick bigger? Exercises Exercises are the effective way to enhance the size of your penis. It will not only bring positive change in your dick appearance†¦show more content†¦You have to simply hold the head of your penis and by other hand hold the first hand, now stretch and rotate it about 30 times to the left. Rest for sometimes now hold it the same way, stretch and rotate (this time to the right) for 30 times. This exercise will increase the size of your dick without any problems. If you feel painful with this exercise you might be doing it too hard, try gently. On a daily basis, a lot of men have found this stretching technique very useful. Herbal Medications Apart from oil massage and other therapies, there are some remarkable products featuring on the internet which claims to be an efficient tool to make your dick size bigger. Before some years, people tried to market the scam products in order to earn money illegally, but as soon as people have seen so many scams they can now differentiate between the useful and the useless one. Male Extra Pills is the best innovation when it comes to the health of your reproductive organ. It is by far the best penis enlargement pills available in market and you know why? Because we have seen the remarks and reviews from its users and none of them have complained about any sort of side effects neither any claims which can prove it a futile products. Manufactured by all the herbal ingredients, Male Extra gives you the last chance to see your dick getting bigger, especially if you had tried every option and find no progress. Diet Plan to make your dick bigger! To this day,Show MoreRelated Dick as Tragic Hero in Fitzgeralds Tender is the Night Essays1709 Words   |  7 PagesDick as Tragic Hero in Tender is the Night      Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Fitzgerald’s Tender is the Night tells the story of an American psychiatrist Dick Diver and his wealthy, schizophrenic wife Nicole. We follow the deterioration of the seemingly wonderful, happy marriage of the stylish couple presented in the first book, to the finalizing divorce of the newly empowered and relatively stable Nicole and the somewhat broken, yet content Dick. Dick’s fall from grace is not entirely surprising considering the weaknessesRead MoreIn the eyes of many his book is seen as a worldwide classic and according to Clark Davis’900 Words   |  4 Pagesauthor of another essay thinks the book Moby- Dick captures the religious side, in which no man can act out the distribution of good and evil (Gordon, 1). These two authors had both divergent and resembling points of views that gave us a different understanding of the book that we wouldn’t have came up with ourselves. When it comes to religion, they contradistinctive in their perspective of Melville’s usage of symbolism in the story. According to Clark Davis Moby Dick is depicted by thenRead MoreWhat is wrong with adultery Essay1697 Words   |  7 PagesAdultery Bonnie Steinbock in her essay â€Å"What’s Wrong with Adultery?† starts by quoting the data from studies to show that the number of women who have committed adultery has significantly increased. Despite this increase in female adultery, it is in some degree due to the attitudes changing toward sex and sexuality, but Steinbock thinks that people should use rational justification to evaluate the disapproval of adultery. Then in the rest of the parts of Steinbock’s essay, she is generally arguing againstRead MoreFinancial Statements We See Nowadays Have Gone Through1506 Words   |  7 Pagesliabilities and contingent assets in accounts. Although, the IAS 37 may lead to a high volatility in retained earnings which resulted in the increasing in the usage of creative accounting unless the standard follows the prudence concept. Hence, in this essay, there will be discussions on the relationship between IAS 37 and prudence concept as well as the increasing in volatil ity in earnings that might lead by the IAS 37. Generally, IAS 37 is a standard that concern on how to recognize provisionsRead MoreThe Corporate Governance Of Dick Smith Electronics1905 Words   |  8 Pages(3rd) of the ASX Corporate Governance Principles plausibly halts the failure of Dick Smith Electronics will be discussed in this essay. I argue that ASX Corporate Governance Principles is one of the corporate governance practices that many listed entities in Australia should comply with in order to achieve good corporate governance preventing the collapse of corporations and increasing investors’ confidence. Regarding Dick Smith Electronics as a listed entity, it would survive and continuously operateRead MoreThe American Dream: A False Sense of Hope Essay1543 Words   |  7 Pagesto many types of people in many ways. In various works of literature and films the American Dream and the tradition â€Å"rags to riches† story are present. The arguably most famous being the stories of Horatio Alger. Alger†™s most famous novel is Ragged Dick, a story about, â€Å"a young gentleman on the way to fame and fortune,† (Alger). Though all of Alger’s work is from the late 1800’s, well before the term the American Dream, it is still an accurate portrayal of what the American Dream truly is. It representsRead MorePolice Legitimacy and Accountability Essay1300 Words   |  6 Pagesderive from the belief that the police are completely ineffective when dealing with gun crimes (Farrell, 1992: 20). However, whilst arming police with guns can act as a protector when on duty it can also cause an increase in police misconduct. This issue will be discussed throughout this essay. Firstly, it is important to consider that policing is wholly dependent on public consent. More recently, there can be seen to be a breakdown in the relationship between police and the public, which has ultimatelyRead MoreThe Failure Of Dick Smith Electronics2400 Words   |  10 PagesThe Failure of Dick Smith Electronics How the latest edition (3rd) of the ASX Corporate Governance Principles plausibly halts the failure of Dick Smith Electronics (DSE) will be discussed in this essay. I argue that ASX Corporate Governance Principles are one of the corporate governance practices that many listed entities in Australia should comply with in order to achieve good corporate governance preventing the collapse of corporations and increasing investors’ confidence. 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In 1997 the chemist retail chain Boots were invested 30 million GBP in their loyalty programs which is 3rd largest in UK because of its success. Secondly the essay will discuss about the benefits

Law Juvenile Justice Reform Massachusetts Juvenile Justice Reform A S Essay Example For Students

Law Juvenile Justice Reform Massachusetts Juvenile Justice Reform: A S Essay tep in the Wrong Direction Juvenile JusticeTHESIS STATEMENT: The Great and General Court of Massachusetts has erred in reforming the juvenile justice system by implementing policies and procedures that will harm juveniles and place society at risk. On July 23, 1995, an intruder brutally attacked and stabbed Janet Downing approximately 100 times in her Somerville home. The revolting Downing murder and ensuing arrest of Edward OBrien Jr., a 15-year-old juvenile whom prosecutors say committed the heinous crime, sent shockwaves through the state. When Somerville District Court Judge Paul P. Hefferman ruled that the Commonwealth try Mr. OBrien as a juvenile, those shockwaves grew in intensity, and the citizens of Massachusetts, fed up with increasing youth violence and perceptions of an ineffective juvenile justice system, demanded the enactment of tough new laws to deal with repeat and violent juvenile offenders. The Great and General Court of Massachusetts headed these demands for reform of the juvenile justice system and enacted legislation that, among other things, abolishes the trial de novo system in the juvenile courts, requires the trial of juveniles charged with murder, manslaughter, aggravated rape, forcible rape of a child, kidnaping, assault with intent to rob or murder and armed burglary in adult court and permits prosecutors to open to the public juvenile proceedings when they seek an adult sentence. Although proponents tout these measures as a sagacious solution for the vexatious problem of juvenile delinquency, abolishing the trial de novo system, provid ing for automatic adult trials and opening juvenile proceedings to the public when prosecutors seek an adult sentence works to the detriment, not the benefit, of juveniles and society. Therefore, the policy makers of Massachusetts should repeal most sections of the Juvenile Justice Reform Act and develop other policies to deal with the rising problem of juvenile crime. I. A SINGLE TRIAL SYSTEM PREVENTS COURTS FROM PROVIDING RAPID ASSISTANCE TO JUVENILES IN NEED, DOES LITTLE TO SERVE JUDICIAL ECONOMY AND PLACES A SIMILAR BURDEN AS THE DE NOVO SYSTEM ON VICTIMS AND WITNESSES. Proponents of a single trial system for juveniles argue that the trial de novo system wastes judicial resources by giving defendants a second bite at the apple and traumatizes victims and witnesses by forcing them to testify at two proceedings. However, these proponents fail to acknowledge that the de novo system allows judges to quickly provide juveniles with the rehabilitative help they need. The proponents, unsurprisingly, also fail to acknowledge that a single trial system may place a greater burden on judicial resources and a similar burden on victims and witnesses. The de novo system benefits juveniles by encouraging bench trials, which frequently result in the swift administration of rehabilitative help. For many juveniles, delinquency is a reaction to a variety of situational stressors. Statistics indicate that the vast majority of juvenile delinquents are exposed to abuse and neglect, harsh or erratic parenting, and socioeconomic deprivation. Experts believe that if the juvenile justice system is to rehabilitate juveniles and make them productive members of our society, it must address these problems as swiftly as possible. A de novo system encourages juveniles, many of whom want judicial help, to request a bench trial. Likewise, under a de novo system, defense attorneys are encouraged to recommend an initial bench trial because the courts decision does not bind clients if it is not in their interest. On the other hand, a single trial system discourages juveniles and defense attorneys from requesting a bench trial.Because jury trials are more lengthy than bench trials and may drag out for over a year, the current policy of encouraging juveniles to seek an initial jury trial denies them the rehabilitative help they need for a significant period of time. Therefore, the de novo system is the preferred choice when dealing with juveniles because it encourages bench trials and, concomitantly, the swift administration of rehabilitative help. As noted earlier, one of the primary arguments for doing away with the de novo system is that it wastes judicial resources. However, upon closer examination one realizes that the de novo system actually furthers judicial economy. Under a de novo system, procedural safeguards can be done away with or relaxed at bench trials without fear of violating rights of defendants. Courts have found the elimination of procedural safeguards at bench trials in a de novo system to be constitutional because the judiciary will extend all safeguards to the defendant at a new jury trial if he/she so chooses. Although no statistics could be found which indicate the number of defendants appealing de novo bench trial decision, a court employee estimates that it was around 3%. Thus, 97% of juvenile cases were disposed of through bench trials, which are less costly and time consuming than jury trials.While 3% of the cases resulted in two proceedings, the value obtained from bench trials appears to significantly outweigh the costs incurred by appeals. Therefore, the de novo system may actually further judicial economy more than a single trial system. The other primary argument for a single trial system is that making victims and witnesses testify at two trials is unfair. The 3% estimate that the de novo system requires that victims and witnesses testify at two trials very infrequently. Furthermore, replacing the de novo system will not eliminate the need for requiring some victims and witnesses to testify at two trials. Appellate courts have the power to reverse a trial courts decision and order a new trial. In cases where the trial courts decision is reversed, victims and witnesses must testify again. Given the strong state interest in reforming juveniles, protecting society and conserving judicial resources and the fact that a one trial system also requires some victims and witnesses to testify twice, the burden placed on witnesses and victims by the de novo system cannot be considered unreasonable. In sum, the de novo trial system better suits the needs of juvenile offenders, society and the court system for several reasons. First, under the de novo system, judges can expeditiously provide the rehabilitative help that juveniles need. Secondly, the de novo system does not appear to burden judicial economy. In fact, despite proponents claims to the contrary, the evidence appears to indicate that a de novo system actually furthers judicial economy. Finally, although a slight burden is placed on those victims and witnesses who are forced to testify at two proceeding, this burden exists in a one trial system and is outweighed by the strong state interest in rehabilitating juveniles, protecting society and conserving judicial resources. II. AUTOMATICALLY TRYING JUVENILES CHARGED WITH MURDER, MANSLAUGHTER, AGGRAVATED RAPE, FORCIBLE RAPE OF A CHILD, ASSAULT WITH INTENT TO ROB OR MURDER AND ARMED ROBBERY CONTRADICTS THE NOTIONS UPON WHICH THE JUVENILE JUSTICE SYSTEM WAS FOUNDED AND, ULTIMATELY, PLACES SOCIETY AT RISK. Drunk Driving Essay If the prosecutor pursues this method, the state tries the youth in adult court and the proceedings are open to the public. The second, and more troublesome method, allows the prosecutor to try the juvenile in juvenile court and seek an adult sentence there. These proceedings are also open to the public and are unfair to juveniles who do not receive an adult sentence. Furthermore, opening juvenile proceedings to the public stigmatizes juveniles as criminals for the rest of their lives. The section of the Juvenile Justice Reform Act that allows the opening of juvenile hearings to the public where an adult sentence is sought will expose some juveniles to public scrutiny even though they ultimately receive a juvenile sentence. Currently, a Massachusetts prosecutor has the option of opening juvenile proceedings to the public by seeking an adult sentence. Although prosecutors seek an adult sentence, the judge still has the discretion to sentence the offender as a juvenile after a post-trail amenability to rehabilitation hearing. Thus, it is entirely possible and probable that a number of cases in juvenile court which result in a juvenile sentence will be open to public scrutiny. Such a system is unfair because it allows prosecutors to throw open the doors of secrecy in juvenile court even if there is little chance of an adult sentence being imposed. Opening juvenile proceedings to the public also results in juveniles carrying around the taint of criminality which may lead to recidivism. Generally, proceedings in juvenile court have been closed to the public and press to prevent the stigmatization of minors and encourage rehabilitation. Allowing prosecutors to open juvenile judicial proceedings to the public will undermine rehabilitative efforts by creating a self-perpetuating stigma of delinquency, placing an accompanying stigma on family members, which could impair the juveniles familial relationships, encouraging youths to commit crimes for publicity or attention and contributing to a deterioration in the juveniles interaction with his peers, the educational system and the surrounding community. Because prosecutors are frequently unconcerned with the interests of juveniles and cater to public sentiment, the decision to open juvenile judicial proceedings should be left in the hands of an impartial decision maker. To summarize, prosecutors should not have the option to open juvenile proceedings where they seek an adult sentence to the public because it is unfair to juveniles who receive juvenile sentences and undermines rehabilitative efforts. Opening hearings to the public in juvenile court when the prosecutor seeks an adult sentence will result in some cases being held subject to public scrutiny even though the judge imposes a juvenile sentence. Such an arrangement is unfair to juveniles who are amenable to rehabilitation in the juvenile system. Additionally, opening juvenile hearings to the public is likely to undermine rehabilitative efforts by creating a self-perpetuating stigma of delinquency, placing an accompanying stigma on family members, which could impair the juveniles familial relationships, encouraging youths to commit crimes for publicity or attention and contributing to a deterioration in the juveniles interaction with his peers, the educational system and the surrounding community. Therefore, prosecutors should not have the power to open juvenile court proceedings to the public by seeking an adult sentence. IV. CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS The Massachusetts Great and General Court, in attempting to reform the juvenile justice system, has embarked upon a noble and worthwhile endeavor. However, the reforms instituted by the legislature are the product of faulty perceptions and erroneous beliefs rather than informed policy making. If the citizens of Massachusetts are truly interested in changing the juvenile justice system for the better, it is not too late to petition the legislature to repeal and amend the detrimental sections of the Juvenile Justice Reform Act. The citizens of Massachusetts could also contact their representatives and ask them to introduce new legislation that benefits both juveniles and society.One may wonder that if the Juvenile Justice Reform Act is bad public policy, what policies should be implemented to reform the juvenile justice system. Perhaps the first step our legislature should take is to implement preventative programs, such as parenting classes, after school and summer athletic programs and academic intervention, to keep juveniles from entering the juvenile justice system in the first place. Not only are such interventions and programs effective, they are also cheaper than incarceration. The average yearly cost of incarcerating a juvenile ranges from $35,000 to $64,000. On the other hand, the average cost of academic intervention is approximately $4,300 and a year at Harvard costs $30,000. Therefore, for the amount that it takes to incarcerate one juvenile for a year, the Commonwealth could prevent approximately 14 juveniles from entering the juvenile justice system. In addition to implementing preventative programs, Massachusetts should examine the rehabilitation programs and measures of other states and adopt those that are effective. Although most states have moved toward recognizing punishment and accountability as the goals of the juvenile justice system, no state has entirely eliminated the philosophy of rehabilitation. Many of these states have proven rehabilitation programs and measures in place. For instance, Utah has founded the Intermountain Specialized Abuse Treatment Center in Salt Lake City to rehabilitate juvenile sex offenders, and California has established boot camps for juvenile delinquents. By examining the rehabilitation programs of other states and adopting those that are effective, Massachusetts could design a new and successful rehabilitation system for juveniles. A third and more practical possibility is that Massachusetts could increase funding to its existing juvenile rehabilitation system. In 1989, the Massachusetts Department of Youth Services, an agency devoted to helping youths choose productive, crime-free lives, while keeping the public safe, was named the best juvenile agency in the United States by the National Council on Crime and Delinquency. However, several years later the Department of Youth Services came under fire when several youths in its custody died, and a youth who was away without leave participated in a double murder. Officials at the Department of Youth Services maintain that the agency has fallen into disarray as a result of budget cuts and overcrowding. Thus, by increasing the budget of the Department of Youth Services, the Commonwealth can restore the agency to its former prominence and, at the same time, add vitality to the philosophy of rehabilitation in the juvenile justice system.

The Case Study of Cherns-Free-Samples for Students-Myassignment

Question: Discuss about the Case Study of Cherns. Answer: Introduction Management is an important aspect of business, which results in the proper management of the operations. The previous sentence reflects the elongated version of the aspect business process management. The word management is composed of one single independent word manage and a suffix, ment. According to the inner meaning of the word, management, it is a technique used by the managers of a Company or an organization to regulate the performance of the employees (Bryson, James Keep, 2013). Management has serious implications on human resources, that is, the staffs. This assignment peeks into the parameter of human resource management of Cherns. As a matter of specification, the assignment speculates the prospects available before the aspiring Candidates regarding the enhancement of their professional Careers as department managers. Identification of the issue Biasness in the employee promotion is one of the major ConCerns, which has stalled the productivity of Chern. 75% of the department managers have been promoted based on their interview scores and the recommendation of the supervisors. Delving deep into the aspect, giving promotion on the recommendation of the supervisors reflects the lack of rational thinking to the business operations, especially the selection and recruitment process (Chaneta, 2014). This side alliance has deprived the other potential Candidates from the opportunities of exposing their professional skills. Along with this, there has been employee turn overs, which has projected disproportionate number of Candidates, possessing potential skills for bagging the post of department managers. Possible recommendations to the identified issue One of the possible recommendations for the issue can be meetings and conferences between the managers and the employees. As a matter of specification, the managers can organize open forums and discussions. This would act as an opportunity for the employees to voice out their opinions without any hesitation, to the managers. Viewing it from the other perspective, organizing frequent open forums and discussions would strengthen the bondage between the managers and the employees, possessing flexibility for the introduction of lucrative deals, trades and transactions for the betterment (Kurtz William, 2017). As cherns wants recommendations internally, therefore the recommendation of social media would be appropriate, although in a narrow version. As a matter of specification, the managers can put the survey and feedback forms in the social media. However, this would be accessible only for the internal stakeholders and shareholders. The managers can take the assistance of government law officials; however, rationality needs to be applied in this step. The issue of biasness in the promotion process is itself an illegal issue. In addition to this, if Chern managers hire lawyers for investigating the issue, it would scandalize the issue, which would stain the reputation of the company. This step might compel the company to encounter more customer turnovers (Rothwell Kazanas, 2011). Moreover, this would expose the internal matters of the company to the public, adding vulnerability to the market position of the company. Poor career planning visibility necessitates the need for career fairs, lectures and discussions. For this purpose, if career experts from outside sources are hired, the perspectives of the candidates regarding the actual workplace scenario would be broadened. This enhancement and broadening would make the candidates aware of the wrong means adopted by the personnel to recruit the candidate, who is completely a misfit in the workplace scenario. Countering this, if managers organize presentations and lectures regarding the career planning for the employees, it would add a new dimension to the relationship between the employees and the managers. Counter arguing this, if these discussions and lectures are organized after planning lucrative offers for the employees, it would prove beneficial in averting the instances of customer turnovers (Sekaran Bougie, 2016). Prior to the introduction of lucrative offers, the managers need to review the financial condition. The managers need to bear in mind the encountered loss from the turnover of good sales associates. Awareness about the issue would help the company personnel to take relevant steps for resolving the issue. Alliance with the trade union members would help the personnel to make up for the loss due to the switch over of the sales associate. The company personnel need to cater to the needs, demands and requirements of the trade union members. Cherns has encountered a loss in the sales revenue. Under such circumstances, adopting any new measure would seem inappropriate for restoration of normalcy. Instead, the company personnel need to develop strategies for exposing rational approach (Ritchie, Lewis Elam, 2013). Training can be one of the essential elements within the strategies. As a matter of specification, inclusion of various courses in the training materials would prove fruitful in terms of the getting good sales associate, possessing the flexibility to understand the business dynamics of the company workplace. Further, training would enhance the preconceived skills, expertise and knowledge of the employees regarding the process of becoming sales associate and the departmental manager. As a sequential step, taking post training tests would enable the managers to assess the capability of the candidates to make practical application of the learnt skills in the execution of the workplace operations. The score of this test can form one of the determinants for the selection of the right candidate. Returning to the aspect of supervisors recommendation, evaluation can be added into the concept. After the supervisor has produced his decision, the managers along with the interview panel can indulge in meetings to assess the effectiveness and appropriateness of the verdict given by the supervisor (Purohit, 2015). These meetings would broaden the perspectives of the managers, enabling them to undertake the appropriate decision regarding the provision of opportunity to the candidates to initiate their steps on the enhancement of professional career. On the contrary, if the interview is taken after evaluation of the supervisors suggestion, it can also prove fruitful in terms of modifying the recruitment and selection process. Countering this, the evaluation process can also be conducted after the interview of the candidates. No matter whatever, the situation might be, evaluation needs to be one of an essential business process for the company. Consciousness of the personnel is crucial in this context for bringing the major drawbacks to the forefront. Maintenance of consistency in the execution of evaluation would help the personnel to upgrade the standards and quality of the company performance. Organizing group discussions and open forums between the selected candidates would help the managers to assess the mentality of the candidates to react to a given situation. This assessment would be an internal assistance for the managers in terms of assigning projects to the employees according to their capability (Nanda, 2016). However, there might be times, when the employees need to perform tasks, which are out of their expertise. For this, the managers sometimes need to assign challenging and enduring tasks to examine the capability of the employees regarding the performance of the allocated tasks. Taking note of this performance would assist the managers in appraising the performance of the candidates in an appropriate manner. The aspect of performance appraisal would be one of the other recommendations for luring the candidates of the sales associates towards the company. If the candidates find that Cherns appraises the performance of their employees correctly and according to the employment standards, the candidates would gorge onto the vacancy offer (Al_Qudah, Osman Al_Qudah, 2014). This would expand the supply chain network of the company, Chern. However, the company personnel need to abide by the standards of employment legislations for advertising the vacancy. Most importantly, the personnel need to ensure that the advertisements do not hurt the individual sentiments of the candidates and is in alignment with their career needs, demands and requirements. The mentality exposed in advertising the vacancies would reflects the attitude of the personnel towards catering to the needs, demands and requirements of the candidates. Apart from this, if the managers provide adequate motivation and encouragement to the employees regarding the importance of self-evaluation, it would yield positive results. As a matter of specification, this instigation would inculcate within the employees the skills of self-observation (Lussier Hendon, 2014). Effective utilization of these skills would take the employees closer to their targeted goals. Along with this, the self-observational skills would generate an urge within the employees to evaluate their performance frequently. Maintenance of this frequency would bring to the forefront the major drawbacks in their performance. Moreover, it would upgrade the standard and quality of their performance. Countering this, until and unless the recruitment and selection process is modified, Chern managers would not be able to create a positive image in the minds of the employees. Planning would be an effective recommendation in terms of the modifying the process of recruitment and selection. Herein lays the appropriateness of developing strategies. This is because developing strategies would make the personnel aware of the efficient and effective ways of executing the tasks related to recruitment and selection, according to their priority (Renkema, Meijerink Bondarouk, 2016). At the initial stage, the managers need to indulge in meetings regarding analyzing the need for the vacancy. Awareness in this direction would be fruitful for the managers in terms of planning the next course of actions. As a sequential step, the managers need to set the characteristics, which they are looking for in the candidates. The third step can be to advertise the vacancy. If more number of sources are considered would expand the scope and arena of Cherns business. Viewing it from the other perspective, using wide variety of sources would add to the stock of human resources for t he company. Within advertising, compliance with the legislations would help the personnel to recruit the desirable candidates in a legal manner. This compliance would safeguard the personnel from the unwanted, illegal and courtly instances. These legislations are also applicable for the terms and conditions of the deals, trades and transactions (Gatewood, Feild Barrick, 2015). Typical examples in this direction are Data Protection Act (1998), Equality Act (2010) among others. Data Protection Act is needed for protecting the individual sentiments of the candidates, especially those who attend the recruitment and selection process from the foreign countries. Protecting their biodata from falling prey to leakages and cyber crimes would be one of the prime responsibilities of the personnel. Consciousness in this direction would prove effective in terms of ensuring the wellbeing of the employees. Provision of equal treatment to the candidates would be one of the crucial elements for ensuring the wel lbeing of the candidates. Herein lays the appropriateness of the Equality Act (2010). Conclusion This assignment proves successful in terms of suggesting effective recommendations, which would prove effective for Cherns in terms of enhancing the productivity. As a matter of specification, exposing strategic and rational approach towards the execution of the recruitment and selection process would seem effective in terms of reaching to a large number of customers. Along with this, adhering to the employment legislations would help the personnel to create a productive team for satisfying the identified goals and objectives References Al_Qudah, H. 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